Pìob tàthaichte spìosrach GBT9711-2011 airson loidhne-uisge fon talamh
Cruinneas pìoba tàthaichte spìosrach:
’S e euchd innleadaireachd iongantach a th’ ann am pìob tàthaichte spìosrach air a chomharrachadh le measgachadh de neart, seasmhachd agus èifeachdas cosgais. Tha na pìoban seo air an dèanamh a’ cleachdadh teicneòlas ùr-nodha agus a’ dol tro phròiseas saothrachaidh mionaideach. A’ tòiseachadh le stàilinn lùbte, tha na stiallan air an fosgladh agus air an cur tro shreath de rolairean a bhios gan lùbadh mean air mhean gus spìosrach a chruthachadh. Tha na h-oirean an uairsin air an tàthadh ri chèile, a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil na claisean leantainneach agus gu math aonaichte.
Trast-thomhas a-muigh sònraichte (D) | Tiughas Balla Sònraichte ann am mm | Brùthadh deuchainn as ìsle (Mpa) | ||||||||||
Ìre stàilinn | ||||||||||||
in | mm | L210(A) | L245(B) | L290(X42) | L320(X46) | L360(X52) | L390(X56) | L415(X60) | L450(X65) | L485(X70) | L555(X80) | |
8-5/8 | 219.1 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 6.7 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 |
7.0 | 8.1 | 9.4 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.3 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10.0 | 11.5 | 13.4 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
9-5/8 | 244.5 | 5.0 | 5.2 | 6.0 | 10.1 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 13.6 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.9 | 19.3 |
7.0 | 7.2 | 8.4 | 14.1 | 15.6 | 17.5 | 19.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10.0 | 10.3 | 12.0 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10-3/4 | 273.1 | 5.0 | 4.6 | 5.4 | 9.0 | 10.1 | 11.2 | 12.1 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 15.1 | 17.3 |
7.0 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 12.6 | 13.9 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
10.0 | 9.2 | 10.8 | 18.1 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
12-3/4 | 323.9 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.6 |
7.0 | 5.5 | 6.5 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.4 | ||
10.0 | 7.8 | 9.1 | 15.2 | 16.8 | 18.9 | 20.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(325.0) | 5.0 | 3.9 | 4.5 | 7.6 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 10.2 | 10.9 | 11.8 | 12.7 | 14.5 | |
7.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 10.6 | 11.7 | 13.2 | 14.3 | 15.2 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 20.3 | ||
10.0 | 7.8 | 9.0 | 15.2 | 16.7 | 18.8 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
13-3/8 | 339.7 | 5.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.1 | 13.9 |
8.0 | 5.9 | 6.9 | 11.6 | 12.8 | 14.4 | 15.6 | 16.6 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 20.7 | ||
12.0 | 8.9 | 10.4 | 17.4 | 19.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
14 | 355.6 | 6.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.3 | 9.2 | 10.3 | 11.2 | 11.9 | 12.9 | 13.9 | 15.9 |
8.0 | 5.7 | 6.6 | 11.1 | 12.2 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 18.6 | 20.7 | ||
12.0 | 8.5 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(377.0) | 6.0 | 4.0 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 8.6 | 9.7 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 13.1 | 15.0 | |
8.0 | 5.3 | 6.2 | 10.5 | 11.5 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 15.0 | 16.2 | 17.5 | 20.0 | ||
12.0 | 8.0 | 9.4 | 15.7 | 17.3 | 19.5 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
16 | 406.4 | 6.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 9.0 | 9.8 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.2 | 13.9 |
8.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 9.7 | 10.7 | 12.0 | 13.1 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.2 | 18.6 | ||
12.0 | 7.4 | 8.7 | 14.6 | 16.1 | 18.1 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(426.0) | 6.0 | 3.5 | 4.1 | 6.9 | 7.7 | 8.6 | 9.3 | 9.9 | 10.8 | 11.6 | 13.3 | |
8.0 | 4.7 | 5.5 | 9.3 | 10.2 | 11.5 | 12.5 | 13.2 | 14.4 | 15.5 | 17.7 | ||
12.0 | 7.1 | 8.3 | 13.9 | 15.3 | 17.2 | 18.7 | 19.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
18 | 457.0 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 3.9 | 6.5 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.8 | 12.4 |
8.0 | 4.4 | 5.1 | 8.6 | 9.5 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.4 | 13.4 | 14.4 | 16.5 | ||
12.0 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 12.9 | 14.3 | 16.1 | 17.4 | 18.5 | 20.1 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
20 | 508.0 | 6.0 | 3.0 | 3.5 | 6.2 | 6.8 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 8.8 | 9.6 | 10.3 | 11.8 |
8.0 | 4.0 | 4.6 | 8.2 | 9.1 | 10.2 | 11.1 | 11.8 | 12.8 | 13.7 | 15.7 | ||
12.0 | 6.0 | 6.9 | 12.3 | 13.6 | 15.3 | 16.6 | 17.6 | 19.1 | 20.6 | 20.7 | ||
16.0 | 7.9 | 9.3 | 16.4 | 18.1 | 20.4 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(529.0) | 6.0 | 2.9 | 3.3 | 5.9 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.5 | 9.2 | 9.9 | 11.3 | |
9.0 | 4.3 | 5.0 | 8.9 | 9.8 | 11.0 | 11.9 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.9 | 17.0 | ||
12.0 | 5.7 | 6.7 | 11.8 | 13.1 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 16.9 | 18.4 | 19.8 | 20.7 | ||
14.0 | 6.7 | 7.8 | 13.8 | 15.2 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 19.8 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
16.0 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.4 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
22 | 559.0 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 3.2 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 8.0 | 8.7 | 9.4 | 10.7 |
9.0 | 4.1 | 4.7 | 8.4 | 9.3 | 10.4 | 11.3 | 12.0 | 13.0 | 14.1 | 16.1 | ||
12.0 | 5.4 | 6.3 | 11.2 | 12.4 | 13.9 | 15.1 | 16.0 | 17.4 | 18.7 | 20.7 | ||
14.0 | 6.3 | 7.4 | 13.1 | 14.4 | 16.2 | 17.6 | 18.7 | 20.3 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
19.1 | 8.6 | 10.0 | 17.8 | 19.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
22.2 | 10.0 | 11.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
24 | 610.0 | 6.0 | 2.5 | 2.9 | 5.1 | 5.7 | 6.4 | 6.9 | 7.3 | 8.0 | 8.6 | 9.8 |
9.0 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 7.7 | 8.5 | 9.6 | 10.4 | 11.0 | 12.0 | 12.9 | 14.7 | ||
12.0 | 5.0 | 5.8 | 10.3 | 11.3 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 14.7 | 15.9 | 17.2 | 19.7 | ||
14.0 | 5.8 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 13.2 | 14.9 | 16.1 | 17.1 | 18.6 | 20.0 | 20.7 | ||
19.1 | 7.9 | 9.1 | 16.3 | 17.9 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
25.4 | 10.5 | 12.0 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
(630.0) | 6.0 | 2.4 | 2.8 | 5.0 | 5.5 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.1 | 7.7 | 8.3 | 9.5 | |
9.0 | 3.6 | 4.2 | 7.5 | 8.2 | 9.3 | 10.0 | 10.7 | 11.6 | 12.5 | 14.3 | ||
12.0 | 4.8 | 5.6 | 9.9 | 11.0 | 12.3 | 13.4 | 14.2 | 15.4 | 16.6 | 19.0 | ||
16.0 | 6.4 | 7.5 | 13.3 | 14.6 | 16.5 | 17.8 | 19.0 | 20.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
19.1 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 15.8 | 17.5 | 19.6 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | ||
25.4 | 10.2 | 11.9 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 | 20.7 |
Iomadachd airson tagraidhean gnìomhachais:
1. Gnìomhachas Ola is Gas:
Tha pìoban tàthaichte snìomhach air an cleachdadh gu farsaing ann an roinn na h-ola is a’ ghasa air sgàth ’s gu bheil iad comasach air seasamh an aghaidh cuideaman mòra agus suidheachaidhean àrainneachdail cruaidh. Ann am pìoban còmhdhail, bidh na pìoban seo a’ giùlan ola is gas nàdarrach gu h-èifeachdach agus gu h-èifeachdach thar astaran fada agus tha an strì an aghaidh creimeadh a’ dèanamh cinnteach à slàinteachd structarail fad-ùine.
2. Riaghladh uisge is uisge sgudail:
Airson siostaman solar uisge agus riaghlaidh uisge sgudail, tha pìoban tàthaichte spìosrach a’ toirt seachad fuasgladh earbsach. Leigidh an togail làidir aca leotha dèiligeadh ri sruthan uisge aig bruthadh àrd fhad ‘s a tha iad a’ cumail sgudal gu h-èifeachdach. A bharrachd air an sin, tha an strì an aghaidh creimeadh a’ dèanamh cinnteach à fad-beatha, a’ lughdachadh chosgaisean cumail suas agus a’ lughdachadh chunnartan àrainneachdail.
3. Togail bun-structair:
Tha pàirt chudromach aig pìoban tàthaichte snìomhach ann an leasachadh bun-structair agus tha iad nam prìomh phàirtean ann an togail dhrochaidean, bunaitean pìle agus tunailean fon talamh. Air sgàth an neart structarail sàr-mhath, tha iad comasach air seasamh an aghaidh luchdan troma, gnìomhachd crith-thalmhainn agus deuchainn ùine. Tha an iomadachd seo gan dèanamh freagarrach airson taic a thoirt do phròiseactan bun-structair seasmhach agus tèarainte.

Buannachdan pìob tàthaichte spiorail:
1. Neart agus seasmhachd:
Tha neart sàr-mhath aig pìob tàthaichte spìreil agus faodaidh i seasamh an aghaidh cuideam, clisgeadh agus crith. Tha iad air an togail gus dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil cuideaman air an sgaoileadh gu cothromach air feadh fad na pìoba, agus mar sin a’ neartachadh ionracas structarail.
2. Frith-aghaidh creimeadh:
Tha pìoban tàthaichte spìreil a’ seasamh an aghaidh creimeadh air leth math tro bhith a’ cleachdadh stuthan ghalbhanaichte no còmhdaichte. Leigidh an togalach seo leotha seasamh an aghaidh suidheachaidhean talmhainn creimneach, nochdadh ceimigeach agus suidheachaidhean sìde anabarrach, gan dèanamh nan deagh fhuasgladh fad-ùine airson grunn thagraidhean.
3. Èifeachdas cosgais:
Tha an comas pìob tàthaichte spìosrach a dhèanamh ann an tomhasan mòra agus meudan mòra a’ lughdachadh chosgaisean saothair an taca ri dòighean saothrachaidh phìoban eile, ga dhèanamh na roghainn cosg-èifeachdach airson pròiseactan malairteach agus gnìomhachais. A bharrachd air an sin, tha na riatanasan cumail suas ìosal agus an seasmhachd aige a’ neartachadh a sheasmhachd eaconamach.
Mar cho-dhùnadh:
Ged a thèid dearmad a dhèanamh orra gu tric, tha pìob tàthaichte spìosrach airidh air aithneachadh airson a ioma-chruthachd air leth ann an grunn thagraidhean gnìomhachais. Tha an neart, an seasmhachd agus an aghaidh creimeadh gan dèanamh nan roghainn earbsach airson pròiseactan bun-structair, a’ dèanamh cinnteach à ionracas fad-ùine. Ann an saoghal far a bheil earbsachd agus èifeachdas air leth cudromach, tha na h-iongantasan innleadaireachd seo a’ leantainn air adhart a’ toirt taic agus a’ neartachadh roinnean deatamach leithid ola is gas, riaghladh uisge agus leasachadh bun-structair.